Business Information Systems Decision Support System

Question: Discuss about the Business Information Systems for Decision Support System. Answer: Introduction As stated by Iranmanesh et al (2012) the information is used in the business organization in various forms. Therefore, to process and manipulate this information the organization needs an information system. The information system that is used in the business organizations need to be flexible. Therefore, it can accommodate with the needs of the organization. Hence, the use of the information system can improve the productivity of the organization by the optimized use of the organizational resource. The daily operations like finance, marketing, accounting, and human resource management are also supported by the Business information system. This report contributes to the disciplines, working procedure, impact on the business environment and the competence with the basic IT applications. The report also focuses on the ideas that can improve the efficiency and the effectiveness of the business operations using the information system. Understanding of the Core Concepts, Principles and Components of the IS Discipline The business information systems are developed to collect process and manipulate the data that is acquired from the different business processes. For this, the information system needs hardware, softwares, communication systems and most importantly the data. This system helps the managers to monitor the performance, evaluation of the performance and depending upon that they can design the strategies for future course of action. Here it can state that the information system is the subset of the organization. This information system helps in organizing the business processes, human resources, strategies of the organization. Using the information system information can stored, retrieved, shared, distributed, processed or transmitted (Alter 2013). Contrary to the traditional business systems, the data or the information can be stored into a shred database that encourages the idea of storing the data simultaneously from different sources. Due to the ne expert systems, the general employee s can perform the expert jobs. Also with the help of software tools, the decision-making is a part of everyones job and is not the sole responsibility of the managers. Again, with the use of Enterprise software, the required data can be presented instantly. The information system can be thought as the association of three components. The three components are component that collect data, another to components that process and store the process data. Understanding of Working Process of Information System The working process of an information system is a complicated process. The employees of the organization use the hardware and software components of the information system to communicate with the processing channel or processing component. The information can be categorized into the facts, concepts, opinions, procedures, principals. The information system plays three vital functionalities of any organization. These functionalities are supporting the business operations, managerial decision making (Ada et al. 2015) and provide strategic and competitive advantage to the organization. In a generic information system, there are three layers. In the lower layer there are two types of database one contain the internal and customer data and another contains the processed data or the information of the organization and the consumers. The middle layer help in processing either access data from the database and receiving data from the organizations management. The database also contains data about the processing of the activities within the organization. The top layer of the organization contains data about the people working within the organization and about the management entity. Understanding the Range of Importance and Issues of current IS/IT Before purchasing and implementing, the information system the organization should be aware of the problems or issues that can arise in future during the use of the information system. Before discussing the kind of information system needed with the potential developers or suppliers there should be some criteria and goals determined by the organization ( Haux et al. 2013). These goals should be accomplished by the implemented system like the different information system (like enterprise information system, transaction processing system, Management information system) Transaction processing systems In a business, there are there are hundreds or thousands of transactions are happening in a day. Therefore, this transaction needs some data to be recorded in the database. Like if a product is sold to a customer then we need some data to identify the product, the quantity of the product, payment method, sales date, and sales person. So this TPS used to store this kind of transaction data. The TPS ensures that maximum amount of data in minimum time and with minimal errors. Enterprise information system An Enterprise information system is tailored to fulfill the needs of an organization. In addition, there are two categories in the enterprise information systems. First is the generic enterprise information system. This kind of information system includes workflow management system, data warehouse systems, enterprise resource planning systems. The wide range of business organizations can use this kind of information systems (Mu 2015). On the other hand, some information systems are tailored to meet requirements of a certain organization. Examples of those kinds of information systems are hospital information system, electronic learning system, airline reservation system. Process control system The process control systems are used to monitor the environment of the business processes. The PCS compare the monitored data with some preset boundaries. As a output the system sounds an alarm if the data or the current reading of a parameter is outside the predetermined value (Reich and Benbasat 2013). As an example, if we take that a process control system is monitoring the data of water storage and periodically reading the data of pollutants. If at any time the amount f pollutants reach a predetermined value then the PCS sounds an alarm to inform the concerned authority. In some cases, the PCS are able to adjust the equipments to bring back the equilibrium state of the environment. Opposite to the TPS system, the process control system is not activated or triggered because of action or transaction. Once a process control system is activated then it stays on to do the monitoring Management information system: The MIS is the most common information system that is used in the business organization. There are different types predetermined of routine reports. These reports are printed periodically like daily, weekly, monthly, annually or on demand (Rainer et al. 2013). In addition, the MIS can do the basic arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, division, average, minimum and maximum etc. The layout, format, equations are designed by the business professionals as well as the system developers are designed in the beginning of the lifecycle of the MIS. After the implementation of the MIS, the reports are printed repeatedly but with the same format, layout and the equations. With all this importance, there are some issues with the current system too. Like Maintenance: the main task of an information system is to take input raw data and up to date the information. All the departments having their information system and are generating the data in the organization. But if after all this the management information system have to again process the data then it becomes less valuable Adaptability to changes: The major issue with the information system is to adopt the changes of the organization. There needs to be simple methods that can easily remove the user accounts internally. Since the old active accounts can be security issues to the organization. Usability: Most of the information system fails because of its poor user interface or its too complicated. Therefore it becomes too hard to get the desired results for the organization when the implemented information system generated report is not in the useful form. Hence the organization should be aware of these issues and choose an information system that generates a report relevant to the company. This generation of the reports should be done with the minimal effort. Reorganization of Utilizing Information System that used to Improve Business Process: The information system helps in different ways to improve the daily operations and other activities. Like faster and efficient internal and external communication, better decision-making through elimination of communication lags, improved efficiency in management, administration, planning and co-ordination of various support systems, Cost and time savings in accessing information, Reduction in the requirement of human resource needs (at messenger, clerical and typist ], Easier records management and information sharing, Rapid access to the correct and real-time financial information for management and planning Conclusion The use of information system can improve the efficiency so that the organization can have higher profitability. The information system and technology can help the organization to introduce new products in the market like the internet based DVD rental systems provided by the iTunes, Netflix etc. This in turn helps in maximizing the profit of the organization. With the accurate information provided by the MIS the managers can use the forecasts, do best guesses for the future business strategies. This guesses can help in delivering better performance, can charge less for the superior products, respond to the consumers and suppliers in real time. The example of Toyota production system can be considered here, this system helps in getting a competitive advantage in the market. At the same time the investment in the information, system does not guarantee the good returns. The factors that are to be considered by an organization while investing in the information system solution are Adopting the correct business model and Investing in organizational, managerial and social assets can ensure the good returns from the implementation. References Ada, Ã… ¾. and Ghaffarzadeh, M., 2015. Decision Making Based On Management Information System and Decision Support System.Journal for Studies in Management and Planning,1(3), pp.206-217. Alter, S., 2013. Work system theory: overview of core concepts, extensions, and challenges for the future.Journal of the Association for Information Systems,14(2), p.72. Bonczek, R.H., Holsapple, C.W. and Whinston, A.B., 2014.Foundations of decision support systems. Academic Press. Haux, R., Winter, A., Ammenwerth, E. and Brigl, B., 2013.Strategic information management in hospitals: an introduction to hospital information systems. Springer Science Business Media. Mu, E., Kirsch, L.J. and Butler, B.S., 2015. The assimilation of enterprise information system: An interpretation systems perspective.Information Management,52(3), pp.359-370. Pusnik, M., Sucic, B., Podgornik, A., Al-Mansour, F. and Vuk, T., 2014, May. Net fitting based production planning and decision support system for energy intensive industries. InEnergy Conference (ENERGYCON), 2014 IEEE International(pp. 1236-1242). IEEE. Rainer, R.K., Cegielski, C.G., Splettstoesser-Hogeterp, I. and Sanchez-Rodriguez, C., 2013.Introduction to information systems: Supporting and transforming business. John Wiley Sons. Reich, B.H. and Benbasat, I., 2013. 10 Measuring the Information SystemsBusiness Strategy Relationship.Strategic Information Management, p.265. Scott, J., Ho, W., Dey, P.K. and Talluri, S., 2015. A decision support system for supplier selection and order allocation in stochastic, multi-stakeholder and multi-criteria environments.International Journal of Production Economics,166, pp.226-237. Shardt, Y., Zhao, Y., Qi, F., Lee, K., Yu, X., Huang, B. and Shah, S., 2012. Determining the state of a process control system: Current trends and future challenges.The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering,90(2), pp.217-245. Sol, H.G., Cees, A.T. and de Vries Robb, P.F. eds., 2013.Expert systems and artificial intelligence in decision support systems: proceedings of the Second Mini Euroconference, Lunteren, The Netherlands, 1720 November 1985. Springer Science Business Media.

Y2k (2431 words) Essay Example For Students

Y2k (2431 words) Essay Y2kLess than two years until the year 2000. Two seemingly small digits may turn January 1, 2000 from a worldwide celebration into a universal nightmare. With computers mistaking the year 2000 for 1900, virtually all businesses that use dates will be affected. Not only will the companies be affected, but they are paying millions upon millions of dollars in order for computers to recognize the difference between the years 2000 and 1900. The year 2000 computer bug is a huge problem that our world must face. In order to explain how to solve the millennium bug, it is a good idea to be informed about exactly what the year 2000 problem is. The year 2000 industry expert, Peter de Jager, described the problem quite well. We programmed computers to store the date in the following format: dd/mm/yy. This only allows 2 digits for the year. January 1, 2000 would be stored as 01/01/00. But the computer will interpret this as January 1, 1900- not 2000 (de Jager 1). The 19 is hard-coded into computer hardware and software. Since there are only 2 physical spaces for the year in this date format, after 99, the only logical choice is to reset the number to 00. We will write a custom essay on Y2k (2431 words) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The year 2000 problem is unlike any other problem in modern history for several reasons. William Adams points out some of the most important ones. Time is running out- the Year 2000 is inevitable! The problem will occur simultaneously worldwide, time zones withstanding. It affects all languages and platforms, hardware software. The demand for solutions will exceed the supply. Survivors will survive big, losers will lose big. There is no silver bullet that is going to fix things (Adams 2). It is too big and too overwhelming even for Microsoft (Widder 3). Separate, any one of these points makes Y2K, a common abbreviation for the year 2000 problem, an addition to the obstacle. Combined, they form what seems more like a hideous monster than an insignificant bug. The impact of Y2K on society is enormous, bringing the largest companies in the world to their knees, pleading for a fix at nearly any cost. The modern world has come to depend on information as much as it has on electricity and running water. Fixing the problem is difficult because there are two years left to correct 40 years of behavior (de Jager 1). Alan Greenspan has warned that being 99 percent ready isnt enough (Widder 2). Chief Economist Edward Yardeni has said that the chances for a worldwide recession to occur because of Y2K are at 40% (Widder 3). Senator Bob Benett (Republican, Utah) made a good analogy about the potential of the problem. In the 1970s, oil was the energy that ran our world economy. Today it runs on the energy of information. He later said, To cripple the technological flow of information throughout the world is to bring it to a virtual standstill (Widder 3). The potential of the problem in everyday life is alarming. Imagine making a loan payment in 1999 for a bill that is due in 2000. The companys computers could interpret the 00 as 1900 and you would then be charged with 99 years of late fees (Moffitt ; Sandler 48). If the year 2000 problem isnt solved, there could be no air traffic, traffic lights, no lights in your company, companies could not produce goods, no goods delivered to the stores, stores could not send you bills, you could not send bills to anyone else. Business come to a halt (de Jager 1). The costs of fixing Y2K are staggering. The Gartner Group estimates that costs per line of code to be between $1.50 and $2.00 (Conner 1). It is not uncommon for a single company to have 100,000,000 lines of code (de Jager 6). Capers Jones, an expert who has studied software costs for over ten years, estimates total worldwide costs to be $1,635,000,000,000 (One-trillion, 635 billion dollars) (Jones 58). To put this number into perspective, if five people were to spend $100 for every second of every day, 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, it would take them about 100 years to finish the task!The year 2000 problem is not only limited to what happens with computers between December 31, 1999 and January 1, 2000. There are several other important dates that are a factor. Last October was considered the last point where a large company could start fixing the problem with any hopes to finish before the deadline (DBA 1). Also, all fixes should be done by January 1, 1999. There are two major rea sons for having the fixes done a year early. The first is that there are many special dates during 1999 that mean special things. For example, September 9, 1999 (09/09/99) has been commonly used as the expiration date for references and data that have no expiration date (Reid 6). The computer required that a date must be entered in, and in many cases, 9/9/99 was it. Also, it has been established that an entire years cycle of events should be used to test all of the modifications that have been made to a system. Also, one should be sure to test to see which day of the week is 01/01/00. January 1, 1900 was a Monday, but January 1, 2000 will be a Saturday. Other possible failure dates: 1/10/2000 (1st 9 character date), 2/29/2000 (Leap day- the year 2000 is a leap year), 10/10/2000 (1st 10 character date), and 12-31-2000 (Day 366 of the year 2000) (Martin 15) (GTE Appendix A). .u7733e3d4a0647e00d152337e7b052c8c , .u7733e3d4a0647e00d152337e7b052c8c .postImageUrl , .u7733e3d4a0647e00d152337e7b052c8c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7733e3d4a0647e00d152337e7b052c8c , .u7733e3d4a0647e00d152337e7b052c8c:hover , .u7733e3d4a0647e00d152337e7b052c8c:visited , .u7733e3d4a0647e00d152337e7b052c8c:active { border:0!important; } .u7733e3d4a0647e00d152337e7b052c8c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7733e3d4a0647e00d152337e7b052c8c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7733e3d4a0647e00d152337e7b052c8c:active , .u7733e3d4a0647e00d152337e7b052c8c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7733e3d4a0647e00d152337e7b052c8c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7733e3d4a0647e00d152337e7b052c8c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7733e3d4a0647e00d152337e7b052c8c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7733e3d4a0647e00d152337e7b052c8c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7733e3d4a0647e00d152337e7b052c8c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7733e3d4a0647e00d152337e7b052c8c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7733e3d4a0647e00d152337e7b052c8c .u7733e3d4a0647e00d152337e7b052c8c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7733e3d4a0647e00d152337e7b052c8c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Freud And Dreams Essay PaperWith the millennium bug coming closer and closer to destroying the crops of the worlds information every day, experts from around the globe have discovered several ways to deal with or exterminate this menace. Five major solutions to the problem will now be discussed. The most straightforward approach to solving Y2K is to simply change the 2-digit date fields to 4-digit ones. This is considered to be the only complete solution to the problem, giving businesses a seemingly endless range of dates for the future. This approach also can make it much easier for the company to reformat the display screens with a hard-coded format present (IBM 5.2). Unfortunately, expanding the date field from 2 to 4 digits has several downsides to it. The most obvious one is that in order to convert the dates, every program and database that references to date data will have to be modified. These modifications are mostly manual labor- not an automatic process. Also, this requires display screens to be reformatted manually, as well as increasing record lengths in databases (IBM 5.2). Another common method for swatting the millennium bug involves what is termed date logic, or windowing techniques. This procedure involves having a separate program to determine which millennium certain dates are in. For example, the program could determine that if the year ends in numbers between 00 and 20, the date is in the second millennium. If the year ends in 21 to 99, the date is in the first millennium. This technique avoids some of the massive changes and coordination associated with the expansion approach (Martin 5). Date logic routines also have some downsides to them. The most important one is that the time window can never be more than 100 years, and the length of the time window cannot change in the future. Also, system performance may slow down with this extra step for each date to be processed. On top of that, all of the assumptions and logic must be the same for all of the programs that will use it (IBM 5.7). If and only if all three of these downsides to windowing techniques are able to be overcome, should a business consider this solution. Another way of getting around 2-digit dates involves a bridge program. This type of solution is used to convert data from one record format to another. This allows a system to convert 2-digit to 4-digit dates as they are needed. This also allows a business to have very little down time for year 2000 renovations. Instead of converting all of the data at one time, it is instead converted gradually. Also, this technique is very cost effective and fairly easy to do (Moffitt Sandler 5.8). Be aware that a bridge program has the potential to ruin a computer system. By removing the bridge before all data has been converted, 2-digit dates may become mixed with 4-digit dates, creating a larger problem than in the beginning. Replacing the systems is probably the most straightforward method of solving Y2K. By simply discarding old, non-compliant systems and purchasing new systems that are year 2000 ready, a business can eliminate the year 2000 problem altogether (Martin 6). This avoids the hassle of coming up with solutions to the problem, but presents the difficulties of starting from scratch. This solution should be considered if a companys systems are too costly to fix, or if there are not very many systems that need to be fixed. Another idea that incorporates the replacement idea is for one company to merge with or buy another company that has Y2K compliant systems. Then, the old systems can be retired (Martin 6). The last alternative that will be discussed is to do nothing to current computer systems that a business may use. This is not the same as ignoring the millennium bug and hoping that it will go away. Instead, it involves analyzing exactly what will happen to a companys computer systems and determining that the effect it will have is either none or very little (Martin 6). If this would be the case, and employees could work around any damages that may be caused, this selection could work. .u89c4be6b7ce975641ba00d001900bf69 , .u89c4be6b7ce975641ba00d001900bf69 .postImageUrl , .u89c4be6b7ce975641ba00d001900bf69 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u89c4be6b7ce975641ba00d001900bf69 , .u89c4be6b7ce975641ba00d001900bf69:hover , .u89c4be6b7ce975641ba00d001900bf69:visited , .u89c4be6b7ce975641ba00d001900bf69:active { border:0!important; } .u89c4be6b7ce975641ba00d001900bf69 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u89c4be6b7ce975641ba00d001900bf69 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u89c4be6b7ce975641ba00d001900bf69:active , .u89c4be6b7ce975641ba00d001900bf69:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u89c4be6b7ce975641ba00d001900bf69 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u89c4be6b7ce975641ba00d001900bf69 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u89c4be6b7ce975641ba00d001900bf69 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u89c4be6b7ce975641ba00d001900bf69 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u89c4be6b7ce975641ba00d001900bf69:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u89c4be6b7ce975641ba00d001900bf69 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u89c4be6b7ce975641ba00d001900bf69 .u89c4be6b7ce975641ba00d001900bf69-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u89c4be6b7ce975641ba00d001900bf69:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gender Identity Disorder (GID) EssayCarrying out a solution in any business involves careful planning in order to be successful. Each of the four steps- awareness, planning, implementation, and testing- are crucial for a company to successfully get beyond the year 2000. Though the shortest step, the awareness step can be considered to be the most important step. This involves a detailed description of the problem to CEOs and the other decision makers for the company. Also, the management must be informed of the impact that is likely to occur if Y2K is not solved. Without successfully informing the company executives of the millennium bug, there is no hope of getting funding appropriated and fixes underway (Conner 2). The preparation and planning phase involves finding all applications that use dates and choosing the right combination of solutions to result in a successful endeavor. Also, a business must consider any dependencies on outside systems- other companies, for example. In addition to this, a priority schedule should be created, to determine which systems are absolutely necessary to the operation of the business, and to fix them in accordance to their importance (Conner 2). A standard date interface should be agreed upon both within the company and with all other companies which are relied on. Also, the first estimate of how costly and how prolonged the fixes should be done (Conner 2). The implementation phase is probably the most tedious phase of year 2000 compliance. This involves taking proposed solutions and incorporating them into a business computer systems. Depending on which solutions are chosen, and how the solutions affect everyday business, a companys commerce could be crippled due to the need for various systems to be down at all times (Moffitt ; Sandler 66). Testing the solutions may be seen as an unimportant phase in the conversion process. The rewards seem few, and the costs of are high. However, testing solutions is the only way to ensure that a business will flow smoothly into the 21st century. This procedure involves making sample databases and records to verify that the fixes were made correctly, and that all systems work correctly. During this phase, a few glitches will most likely be found, and correcting these will be relatively easy. There are two common approaches to testing the solutions. The first involves making sure the systems work correctly in the 20th century, testing the computers for the 21st century, and then putting the systems back into everyday use. An advantage of this method is that all of the tests are done at the same times, allowing quicker feedback. The downside is that the amount of down time will be fairly high. The other approach is the same as the first, except switching the second and third items. The s ystems are first put back into production, and then they are tested for year 2000 compliance while they are ensuring the flow of business at the same time. The advantage of this method is that down time is much shorter. However, getting results will take a longer time (Pollner 2-3). As the year 2000 comes closer and closer, companies are losing precious time in order to swat the millennium bug. The deadline is fixed. The price of survival is high and the only reward is the hope of continuing to operate in the worlds of commerce and industry. Businesses that continue into the next millennium will enjoy the happiness of existence. Companies that fail to act now will probably crumble under their own weight. The alternative to addressing the year 2000 will be going out of business (Moffitt ; Sandler 3). BibliographyMartin, Robert A. Dealing with Dates: Solutions for the Year 2000. Available October 1997 Widder, Pat. Scramble to catch year 2000 bug is on. Available November 20, 1997 Moffitt, John ; Sandler, Robert J. The year 2000 FAQ. Available January 14, 1997 de Jager, Peter. Youve got to be kidding! Available January 10, 1997 Conner, Jim. Businesses should get a jump on solving Year 2000 problem. Available December 8, 1997 GTE Government Systems Corporation. GTE Proposed Criteria for Century Compliance. Available December 20, 1996 Reid, Warren S. Brower, Stephen. Beyond Awareness: Ten management and ten legal pitfalls regarding the Year 2000 computer problem that you may have not considered, yet! Available March 17, 1997 Jones, Capers. The Global Economic Impact of the Year 2000 Software Problem. Available in Adobe Acrobat Format IBM. The Year 2000 2-digit dates: a guide for planning and implementation. Available September, 1997 Pollner, Andrew. Testing Year 2000 conve rsions. Available January 1998 Computers and Internet Essays

Writing An Elaborate Nursing Entrance Essay Sample

Writing An Elaborate Nursing Entrance Essay SampleIf you are preparing for your nursing entrance exam, then you need to make sure that you have what it takes to write an impressive nursing entrance essay samples. All of the resources that you will find online have been designed to help you study and prepare for this very important exam. However, sometimes, things just don't work out as planned. In these cases, a little preparation goes a long way in helping you out.There are hundreds of books that focus on the English Literature. Most of these books are aimed at students who are aiming for jobs in that field. Other than that, there are also introductory classes that are dedicated to this topic. So if you happen to be a student in a nursing program, then this is a good place to start.It would be a good idea to also get acquainted with the subject matter before you attempt to write your essays. This would include reading a number of books on the topic, attending some forums with people who are already doing well in the nursing field, or even taking up an online class. There are hundreds of classes that you can take to improve your writing skills, and these classes can be extremely helpful as well.Besides studying the subject matter, it would also be a good idea to research the best writing instructors for your essays. Some of these instructors might be able to improve your skills even more than your school's professor. If you have the opportunity to take up an online course from a renowned author or expert, then you will definitely gain a lot of benefits.There is another important issue that should also be taken into consideration. For every problem or obstacle you encounter while trying to write a decent essay, you should be willing to talk about it with your instructor. Ask him or her any questions you might have, and then use their knowledge and advice to make your essay better.There are also many resources available online that provide you with a wealth of in formation on the subject. If you choose to take up one of these, then you can also share your experiences and knowledge to help other students prepare for their entrance exams. You can also use these resources in order to give students additional tips and tricks that will help them pass their exams.For students who are looking for more assistance in writing an impressive nursing entrance essay samples, you have plenty of options available. Since so many options are available to those who are planning to prepare for their entrance exams, you will find it easier to choose the one that will best suit your needs.

What Philosophy Means To Me Example

What Philosophy Means To Me Example What Philosophy Means To Me – Coursework Example What Philosophy means to me Speaking of the ment that were the hardest to respond to, one would have to the one about morality. Indeed, this notion is quite a debatable one since there is a considerable number of different ethical approaches that contradict with each other, yet seem quite convincing when analyzed independently (Chaffee, 2013).The above mentioned dilemmas relate to each other in the following way: they provide a person with two completely opposite views on the same problem. For example, the question about free will and determination of the actions allows a person to choose one’s position with regard to this issue. In other words, there is no third option among these ones (Schick the remaining ones reflect philosophical views on morality and ethics, theology and epistemology (Solomon & Higgins, 2014).All the above mentioned areas of philosophy are closely connected to my personal goals for this course as I am willing to learn a lot about the notion that are not quite familiar to me and improve my knowledge of some debatable issues. ReferencesChaffee, J. (2013). The philosophers way: Thinking critically about profound ideas (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.Schick, T., & Vaugh, L. (2008). What is your philosophy? In Doing philosophy: An introduction through experiments. New York: McGraw-Hill.Solomon, R. & Higgins, K. (2014). The big questions: A short introduction to philosophy (9th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.

How to blast through word counts †and get your writing speed up to 1,000 words an hour

How to blast through word counts – and get your writing speed up to 1,000 words an hour How to blast through word counts – and write 1,000 words an hour Word counts are a feature common to business and academic writing alike. ITTs (invitations to tender) commonly specify a word limit for key sections. And while an essay or a doctoral thesis usually come with a word minimum, the reality is that it quickly becomes a target. On the face of it, that should be fine. In practice, it’s often where the problems start. The trouble is that numbers are a distraction, which is one thing you definitely don’t need when you’re trying to produce an important document. How big this distraction is depends on the size of the word target. If numbers are off-putting, big numbers can be paralysing. Watching the figure at the bottom of your screen creep up in ones or twos can easily become a fixation that displaces creativity and original thought. It’s like watching the clock in an exam hall tick by while staring in vain at a question you can’t answer. Fortunately, there is an easy way to tackle this. And, like the problem itself, the answer lies in the way your brain works. Step away from the pain The first step is to realise that we all deal with big, scary numbers all the time. We just don’t notice it. In a typical working day, you somehow manage to fill up around 1,000 minutes (assuming you get up at 6.30am and your head finally hits the pillow at around 11 at night). What you don’t do is tackle them second by second. Just as well, as there are 60,000 of them in that same working day – that’s over 15 MILLION waking seconds every year, not counting weekends. Next, let’s overcome another mental stumbling block – the fact that we know writing is often a complex task. Well, you deal with other complex tasks all the time. Getting through a typical day is actually pretty complex, if you think about it. Even an hour’s commute involves many actions and decisions that, if you considered them as a whole, would seem overwhelming. (Which route do I take? Shall I use the bus or the train? Which train shall I catch? Shall I get a coffee? What type of coffee? You get the picture.) Shift your focus to the content Focusing on a big, scary word count will just make it scarier and scarier. But it’s the act of focusing that’s perhaps the biggest thing making it scary. The most important thing is not the number, it’s the content. The more you focus on the number, the less productive you’re likely to be (often because you’re not writing but thinking and worrying about writing). Not only that, but focusing on the number can dramatically reduce the quality of your output. You end up just counting words, rather than really thinking about whether each word deserves its place in your document. Filling each page becomes your priority, with the result that – if you’re not careful – you end up using longer phrases than you need to, just to pad it out. (Why use ‘helped produce’ when ‘facilitated the production of’ gets you twice as many words?) Counting words reduces each one down to a base value. In an 80,000 word thesis, that value is just 1/80,000 of the final document. This doesn’t only make you casual with the words you choose. It’s also utterly demoralising. Say you have a productive day and produce a thousand words. Not just any thousand words, but a thousand words of engaging prose that will provide real value to your intended audience. When you finish, you sit back and bask in the glow of a job well done. But that glow lasts all of about 15 seconds (if you’re lucky). Taking its place at that point is a kick in the guts, as you realise that you’ve still got 79,000 words to go. Cue depression, demotivation and – probably – paralysing writer’s block. Fortunately, there is another way: forget about the number altogether. I realise that’s easier said than done: you can’t not think of something by trying not to think about it. (If you don’t believe me, try not thinking of a pink elephant now that I’ve put the idea in your head.) But you can take advantage of a quirk of the human brain, which means that you can’t consciously think about more than one thing at the same time. (Multitasking is a myth: deep down, it’s just switching back and forth between tasks, albeit perhaps very quickly.) That means you can forget your Big Scary word count by thinking about something else. Channel your thoughts It also holds the key to transforming your productivity. Because you can dramatically increase how many words you produce by thinking about the information itself, the people who will read what you write, or switching between the two. That in itself is a lot of thinking. So first, you need to separate your research from your writing. Research, thinking and writing all go hand in hand, but they’re not the same thing. Confusing them and trying to do all three at the same time only invites trouble. So turn your attention to the topic in hand and think about it for a few seconds. This is vital if you’re going to write anything valuable and informative. (Although it’s surprising how many documents are apparently produced by focusing on something less important – such as a template or model structure. Believe me, it shows.) I realise that thinking often feels neither productive nor like ‘real work’. To make it feel more concrete, grab a notebook and start scribbling down some ideas about what you might include in the document itself. Don’t worry too much about the words you use or forming them into sentences. Don’t even worry if the ideas are any good. These are just for your use only. Do them in a real-world notebook though, with a pen or pencil (remember those?), rather than on a screen. As you do so, you’ll start to notice gaps in your knowledge, which you can use to direct your research. And as you do more research, you’ll generate more ideas, which you then scribble down in your notebook. It’s a virtuous circle. (I call it the research cycle.) After a while, you’ll have enough information to start to map out a structure. When you get stuck, just think about the reader and what they’re likely to need to know or be interested in. (Note that those are often not the same thing.) In fact, do that even if you’re not stuck. Stepping into your readers shoes is vital if you’re to avoid the risk of writing something that’s of limited value – value that’s perhaps even limited solely to you. Separate out topic ‘chunks’ Then use the same technique to generate ideas and notes for each part of the structure. To make this easier, break down the structure into easily manageable chunks. ‘Manageable’ in this case could just be one mini-topic that produces only three or four paragraphs at first. But if you take five to ten minutes to scribble down the information you’re going to include in those paragraphs (deleting or adding to it based on your knowledge of your reader), you’ll find that ideas start coming thick and fast. The writing part then becomes very, very easy. Just start writing, based on your notes, to produce a few paragraphs. What you’re doing is ‘blocking out’ the information, separating completely from the writing process. The idea is that you get the information down in a form (ie scribbles) that makes it very difficult for you to slip into self-criticism. You can rearrange the notes first, if you need to. Post-it notes might help here. But don’t over-engineer the method and turn it into another distraction. (Just drawing arrows or giving sections numbers might be safer in this respect.) And resist the temptation to edit as you go. Instead, leave each draft section for a few days – or the entire document if it’s fairly short – and edit it in a few days’ time. You’ll be amazed at how many new ideas and improvements you can make then, once you’re viewing it as an editor rather than a writer. (Again, you can’t be both at the same time.) Make it a daily habit This technique works well for one-off documents. But where it really comes into its own is if you make it a daily practice. Because doing that will give you a skill that you can use throughout your career. (The ability to produce original documents quickly and fearlessly is a rare and extremely valuable one.) You’ll have off days, but those are all just part of the process of adjustment. Think of it as building up your writing muscles. As you adjust to the pace, you’ll find yourself getting faster and faster. As you practice, you’ll also start to build up an impressive volume of work. It’s easily possible to produce thousands of words a day with this method. You can use it to write a management report, a term paper, a tender for a contract or a PhD thesis. It works especially well for blog posts too: I wrote the first draft of this post in less than an hour, after 30 minutes of scribbling in my notebook. (I know this because I did it sitting in a London museum that restricts free WiFi access to 60 minutes, but also because I timed it. The original word count was just under 1,200 words. It took exactly 57 minutes and 17 seconds.) Give it a try. Just remember not to think of that pink elephant. Image credit: MP_P / Shutterstock

EXAM #2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

EXAM #2 - Essay Example Richard Nixon was the President of the United States from 1969 to 1974 and Kissinger who serves as his security advisor together formed the Dà ©tente policy with the Soviet Union. This policy was made to ease the tensed situation internationally (whitehouse.gov,  History of the National Security Council, 1947–1997). In terms of Realism, The Dà ©tente policy was an extension of the containment policy which was made by Kennan, the only difference being the reality of the situation. That is the Containment theory which was formed during post World War II whereas the Dà ©tente was formed during the Vietnam War. The political realism of twentieth century was born to counteract the idealistic approach that was dominating the international relationship after the World War I (plato.stanford.edu, Political Realism in International Relations). Nixon and Kissinger’s national security process resembled Kennan’s and was also consistent with the past thought of Kissinger’s (Worley). It was between 1945 and 1960 when George F. Kennan made and implemented the containment doctrine which helped the United States to dominate over Soviet Union in the cold war. Keenan observed that all America needed was a global tactic that had the capacity to unite the American and the opinion against Soviet Union. Many people favored Nixon and Kissinger’s policy more because it dealt with crisis management on a much better scale and had set their target to meet the bigger picture. But Gaddis also believed that both Nixon and Kissinger took the containment theory and altered them to be used during the times of Vietnam War. The approaches of Nixon and Kissinger were based on the realist tradition which is why they designed their foreign policy on this theory. People do question the Cambodian bombing but Kissinger and Nixon are both appreciated for their dedication and hard work that restored the orders to the

At the Edge and Coffee Nerves Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

At the Edge and Coffee Nerves - Essay Example I can appreciate the experimental nature of the music, but I couldn’t help but think to myself†¦ â€Å"What was the composer thinking when he/she wrote this?!?† I thought maybe the composer was on drugs. It was just not a compelling piece at all—even though I understood the fact that the composer was trying to do something new and different, almost like for the shock value of it. The harmony of At the Edge was minimally fair at best. I wouldn’t almost even go so far as to say that At the Edge was even minimally fair, but rather, very poor. The harmony was bad because there was no harmony. The dueling instruments—the piano or organ (whichever it was), the flute, and the tuba—they just did not harmonize at all. I don’t think that was the point to harmonize anyway, because the way the piece was composed, I believe it was composed to frighten the audience. Man, was I scared. I thought the Phantom of the Opera was going to come out of the shadows with a cloak and dagger. Let’s just say, needless to say, that the harmony really left a lot to be desired. The melody was horrible. The tuba and the flute were dueling for the spot of worst instrumental music ever. The flute, I believe, was playing a melody counter to the tuba’s harmony. Don’t ask me why the composer did this, because I have absolutely no idea. Not even halfway through the performance, I put earplugs in intermittently because my ears literally hurt so bad because the sound was that irascible. I took them out occasionally to hear the progression, but there was not much progression in terms of getting better with this piece. It was ominous at the beginning and it only got worse. Frankly I found this type of experimental piece horribly jarring, very scary, and entirely way off-base in terms of being a pleasant experience. It was exactly what you would go to a concert not to hear. I simply could not listen to the piece in its entirety b ecause it was that bad. The timbre was tinny. The piece started out most ominously at the beginning, and I had expected that it might get lighter in tone as the music went on, but no such luck. Here, the piece At the Edge has been critiqued according to its rhythm, harmony, melody, and timbre. Unfortunately, much as I regret to say it, I did not enjoy this performance at all, although I can appreciate what the composer was trying to achieve musically. â€Å"Coffee Nerves† Critique (500 words) Coffee Nerves will be critiqued according to its: rhythm; harmony; melody; and timbre. It was a wonderful piece that exemplified everything that’s right with a good piece of music that’s composed in a pleasant manner. The rhythm of Coffee Nerves was very upbeat and intriguing. It started off right from the get-go with a defined rhythm and kept me on the edge of my seat until the very end. The harmony in Coffee Nerves was very pleasant. My only critique of the entire piece i s that it seemed quite repetitive in its composition. This repetition of sorts happened a variety of times—although thankfully there were a few little interludes here and there, not to mention a couple of â€Å"surprise elements† to the music, thus making it not entirely predictable as a piece. The harmony was very lovely, in fact, even if a bit repetitious at points, but it was one that bore repeating due to its very beautiful sounds. The piano was played very fast, and the main flautist had to play (I believe) even faster in order to get the notes out on time. The melody nicely of the