Double Displacement Reaction Definition and Examples

A double displacement reaction is a type of reaction where two reactants exchange ions to form two new compounds. Double displacement reactions typically result in the formation of a product that is a precipitate. Double displacement reactions take the form:AB CD → AD CB Key Takeaways: Double Displacement Reaction A double displacement reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which the reactant ions exchange places to form new products.Usually, a double displacement reaction results in precipitate formation.The chemical bonds between the reactants may be either covalent or ionic.A double displacement reaction is also called a double replacement reaction, salt metathesis reaction, or double decomposition. The reaction occurs most often between ionic compounds, although technically the bonds formed between the chemical species may be either ionic or covalent in nature. Acids or bases also participate in double displacement reactions. The bonds formed in the product compounds are the same type of bonds as seen in the reactant molecules. Usually, the solvent for this type of reaction is water. Alternative Terms A double displacement reaction is also known as salt metathesis reaction, double replacement reaction, exchange, or sometimes a double decomposition reaction, although that term is used when one or more of the reactants does not dissolve in the solvent. Double Displacement Reaction Examples The reaction between silver nitrate and sodium chloride  is a double displacement reaction. The silver trades its nitrite ion for the sodiums chloride ion, causing the sodium to pick up the nitrate anion.AgNO3 NaCl → AgCl NaNO3 Heres another example: BaCl2(aq) Na2SO4(aq) → BaSO4(s) 2 NaCl(aq) How to Recognize a Double Displacement Reaction The easiest way to identify a double displacement reaction is to check to see whether or not the cations exchanged anions with each other. Another clue, if the states of matter are cited, is to look for aqueous reactants and the formation of one solid product (since the reaction typically generates a precipitate). Types of Double Displacement Reactions Double displacement reactions may be classified into several categories, including counter-ion exchange, alkylation, neutralization, acid-carbonate reactions, aqueous metathesis with precipitation (precipitation reactions), and aqueous metathesis with double decomposition (double decomposition reactions). The two types most commonly encountered in chemistry classes are precipitation reactions and neutralization reactions. A precipitation reaction occurs between two aqueous ionic compounds to form a new insoluble ionic compound. Heres an example reaction, between lead(II) nitrate and potassium iodide to form (soluble) potassium nitrate and (insoluble) lead iodide. Pb(NO3)2(aq) 2 KI(aq) → 2 KNO3(aq) PbI2(s) The lead iodide forms what is called the precipitate, while the solvent (water) and soluble reactants and products are termed the supernate or supernatant. Formation of a precipitate drives the reaction in a forward direction, as the product leaves the solution. Neutralization reactions are double displacement reactions between acids and bases. When the solvent is water, a neutralization reaction typically produces an ionic compound--a salt. This type of reaction proceeds in the forward direction if at least one of the reactants is a strong acid or a strong base. The reaction between vinegar and baking soda in the classic baking soda volcano is an example of a neutralization reaction. This particular reaction then proceeds to release a gas (carbon dioxide), which is responsible for the fizz of the reaction. The initial neutralization reaction is: NaHCO3 CH3COOH(aq) → H2CO3 NaCH3COO Youll notice the cations exchanged anions, but the way the compounds are written, its a bit trickier to notice the anion swap. The key to identifying the reaction as double displacement is to look at the atoms of the anions and compare them on both sides of the reaction. Sources Dilworth, J. R.; Hussain, W.; Hutson, A. J.; Jones, C. J.; Mcquillan, F. S. (1997). Tetrahalo Oxorhenate Anions. Inorganic Syntheses, vol. 31, pp. 257–262. doi:10.1002/9780470132623.ch42IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology (2nd ed.) (the Gold Book). (1997).March, Jerry (1985). Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure (3rd ed.). New York: Wiley. ISBN 0-471-85472-7.Myers, Richard (2009). The Basics of Chemistry. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-31664-7.

The Lewis and Clark Exploration Essay - 1741 Words

The Lewis and Clark Exploration Lewis and Clark are two names forever linked. These two names, the last names of Meriwether and William respectively, are that of two of the greatest explorers in the history of the United States. With the help of Indians and a group of brave men, the vast area west of the Mississippi River was the object of their exploration. Lewis was born to a Virginia planter family in 1774. His father, who had been an officer in the American Revolution, died when Lewis was five years old, and for a brief time he lived in Georgia when his mother moved there with her second husband. After assuming the management of his familys Virginia plantation, Lewis joined the state militia in 1794 to help†¦show more content†¦A surprised Livingston purchased the entire territory for fifteen million dollars. The Louisiana Purchase affected the expedition greatly. First, the party would be exploring their own country, a benefit that greatly pleased Lewis. The party was going to be limited to no more than fifteen men so that it would remain secret from Spain, who owned the lan d at the time the expedition was originally planned. Now the party could be expanded. With a much larger party, a second officer was needed. Lewis chose William Clark to be that officer. Clark was born into a Virginia plantation family in 1770, the youngest of six sons and the youngest brother of George Rogers Clark, the hero of the American Revolution in the West. When he was fourteen, Clarks family moved to a new plantation in Kentucky, and he would spend the rest of his life on Americas shifting frontier. Beginning in 1789, Clark served as a militiaman in campaigns against the Indians of the Ohio Valley. He became an officer in the regular army in 1792, and in 1794 fought in the battle of Fallen Timbers. Two years later he resigned from the army to manage his familys plantation. Clark had become a friend of Meriwether Lewiss when they served together at Fort Greenville, Ohio, in 1795, and quickly accepted his invitation to serve as second officer of the famed expedition. In preparation for the journey into the unmarked territory Lewis studied manyShow MoreRelatedLewis And Clark s Journal Of Exploration956 Words   |  4 Pages1. The document â€Å"Lewis and Clark’s Journal of Exploration Excerpt† was written by Lewis and Clark s in the form of a journal. Meriwether Lewis was a captain of the regular army who had extensive frontier experience. (Lewis, 1) With him would be William Clark, Clark was a former lieutenant in the army who was recommissioned as a commander for the â€Å"corps discovery† (Lewis, 1). Along with forty or fifty men. The one thing that made Lewis and Clark different was they were both nature fanatics. Two menRead MoreStrong And Rustic Exploration : Lewis And Clark1145 Words   |  5 PagesRobust and rustic exploration has always been seen as part of the American character. Lewis and Clark are vi ewed as the original American adventurers who defined westward exploration; they were daring and brave pioneers, ready to venture into the new world. Except, the West was not uncharted territory. It was not a thicket of fir trees and wandering wolves, ready for the white men to obviate their loneliness. Yet, the new Americans saw themselves as the prime candidates to take over and do as theyRead MoreBook Review Analysis of the Journals of Lewis and Clark1046 Words   |  5 Pagestitle of the book is The Journals of Lewis and Clark. 2.A. The authors are Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, edited by Bernard DeVoto 3.A. The publisher is Houghton Mifflin Company in 1953 4.A. The book is about Lewis and Clark’s personal journals kept over the duration of their exploration of previously unexplored territory. 2. Content Analysis 2.A. In the preface, the editor explains the differences between his and an editor named Thwaites edits of Lewis and Clark’s original journals. HeRead MoreLewis And Clark Expedition : Analysis1504 Words   |  7 PagesAlexander Hohlt Professor Abbie Grubb History 1301 May 4, 2016 Lewis and Clark expedition In May of 1803 Meriwether Lewis and William Clark departed from St. louis, Missouri to simply find a water route in the west. They were exploring brand new, just acquired territory from Napoleon of France by Thomas Jefferson, who was our president at the time. This was called the great Louisiana purchase. The Lewis and Clark exploration was nothing less than extraordinary, they came across three-hundredRead MoreThe Journey Of The Columbia River1088 Words   |  5 PagesSeptember 9, 1805, Lewis and Clark as well as others camped at what is present day Weippe, Idaho after nearly dying of starvation in the mountains. The next month the expedition reached the Columbia River where they constructed a large keelboat in Pittsburg. Lewis took the boat down the river to pick up Clark and the rest of the crew along the way, which saved time. On November 7, 1805, Lewis and Clark were twenty miles from the sea, but the men had to put the trip to a halt for three weeks due toRead MoreThe Lewis An d Clark Expedition1433 Words   |  6 PagesThe Lewis and Clark expedition was a truth that was to become the crowning accomplishment in the lifetime of the brilliant thinker, inventor, and founding father, Thomas Jefferson . It has become a profounding turning point throughout America’s history. Investigating the recently obtained Louisiana Territory, which nearly doubled the size of the country, arranged Jefferson the opportunity to widen the boundaries of the United States to include both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The threat of theRead MoreThe Lewis and Clark Expedition: A Summary969 Words   |  4 PagesLewis and Clark Expedition: One of the greatest achievements that contributed to the increase of the size of the United States by double is the Louisiana Purchase. While this accomplishment was started through the initiative of a group of American explorers, it was mainly realized because of the efforts and vision of President Jefferson. Since it increased the geographical size of the country, the Louisiana Purchase was a significant historical event that was realized when Americas population startedRead MoreLewis And Clark s Impact On The United States1480 Words   |  6 PagesLewis And Clark Expedition The exploration of Lewis and Clark into the Louisiana Purchase had a great impact on the United States. During the exploration, they encountered Native American tribes, who exchanged items with them, and new species of plants and animals. The expedition of Lewis and Clark began on May 21,1804. Meriwether Lewis was born on August 18, 1774 in Albemarle County, Virginia. Lewis met Clark in 1795 in the army. Lewis was asked to be Thomas Jefferson’s private secretary in 1801Read MoreScience And The Two Men s Discovery1322 Words   |  6 Pages29, 1805 Lewis and another hunter came across a large grizzly bear, killing it instantly because they were not aware of the animal’s capabilities. Turns out that the grizzly bear had not been described to science and the two men’s discovery changed science. As the warmer weather started to settle in, the Corps of Discovery reached Bitterroot Mountains in late May early June but had to wait until the snow melted to cross. For the time being, the group stayed with the Nez Perce and Lewis describedRead MoreLewis and Clark Expedition1018 Words   |  4 PagesJames Jang William and Meriwether, better known as Lewis and Clark, were hired by the U.S. president Thomas Jefferson to explore the newly bought Louisiana Purchase. The Louisiana Purchase was bought from France in 1803. Lewis and Clark started their expedition in 1804 near St. Louis. The group of explorers called themselves the corps of discovery. In the first winter they were helped by a Shoshone Indian named Sacagawea. Their journey was full of trouble and challenges but in the end led to a great

Can netflix recover from its strategic mistakes Free Essays

string(124) " the tradition brick and mortar businesses, it continues to face the challenge of adjusting to new technological pressures\." Introduction and company overview Netflix is the world’s leading provider of online streaming media and movie rentals with more than 50 million of online subscribers.[1] It is the most prominent provider of online streaming media in the world with operations in the US, Canada and in 42 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. In fact, Netflix is the single largest source of internet traffic in the US, consuming 29. We will write a custom essay sample on Can netflix recover from its strategic mistakes? or any similar topic only for you Order Now 7% of the peak downstream traffic.[2] Since its inception, this giant provider of online streaming media has gained increasing popularity. The company was first founded by Reed Hastings in 1997.[3] Netflix began its operations with the selling of DVDs and offering of rental services by mail. The demand for DVD by rental services quickly outweighed the demand for buying DVDs which led to the company focusing their business model on dvd rentals.[4] Over the years, the company’s growth quickly gained momentum to the point that it passed its 500,000 subscriber mark.[5] The company continued to experience a rapid growth and by 2003, the subscriber base had already tripled to 1.5 million.[6] In 2007, Netflix launched the online-streaming services and positioned itself for the imminent transition to digital media by partnering with companies such as Microsoft, LG Electronics, Samsung and Roku and negotiating agreements with the biggest entertainment companies such as CBS, Starz Enter tainment, and Disney for streaming of media content.[7] Throughout 2010 and the first half of 2011, the company experienced an unprecedented growth. The number of online subscriptions in the US alone doubled from 12.3 million to 24.6 million.[8] The quarterly revenue rapidly increased from $445 million to $770 million and the stock price increased reach an all-time high of $304.79.[9] However, a series of strategy changes implemented in mid July 2011 tarnished the company’s image and led to a steep decline in profitability and stock price. In mid-July 2011, Netflix implemented a new pricing plan which raised the monthly subscription by 60%. Customers reacted negatively to these price changes with more than 600,000 Netflix subscribers cancelling their subscription.[10] Towards the end of 2011, the company implemented another strategic change by creating Qwister and splitting the DVDs-by-mail business from internet streaming business. This sparked a second furore leading to a further decline in its stock prices. Netflix’s decl ine in the industry can be attributed to such kind of strategic mistakes. With these in mind, can Netflix can recover from its strategic mistakes? External analysis Netflix’s performance in the industry is affected by a number of external factors. An external audit of the industry reveals some of these political, economic, social and technological factors. PESTLE ANALYSIS Political and Legal factors Among the various factors affecting the performance of Netflix in the industry are the political and legal factors, particularly legal battles, trademark, copyright and patent issues. Netflix faces ongoing legal battles with several companies including Comcast and Time Warner Cable.[11] This began with complaints from Comcast customers that the connection speed for Netflix streams had dropped significantly. Netflix’s own data showed a massive decline in connection speed as shown in the figure below. Fig. 1 Netflix’s own data showing a massive decline in Comcast’s connection speed.[12] More recently, Netflix filed a petition with the US Federal Communications Commission challenging the proposed merger between Comcast and Time Warner Cable.[13] Netflix argues that the merger should not be allowed under the FCC’s public interest standard as it would stifle the competitive internet market and could potentially cause public harm by making the already expensive high definition (HD) even more expensive for video companies and consumers.[14] However, the petition to deny the proposed merger may not succeed as the commission has already determined that Comcast has the right to discriminate against online video distributors. The commission also determined that the public harm claim that Netflix raised was merely speculative and highly unlikely. The approval of the proposed merger points to the difficulty that Netflix may face in future. Comcast has already shown its willingness to discriminate against online video distributors by manipulating internet traffic at inte rconnection points with the aim of harming Netflix.[15] Social factors From the social perspective, Netflix relies on the popularity of its media content among consumers. Even though Netflix has raced to become ubiquitous having pioneered online streaming, its main weakness has been the inability to feature the latest releases. It should be remembered that consumers want the most recent content. This is a particular area where Netflix has always been lagging behind. According to a recent consumer report, 81% of the respondents were found to stream media from Netflix, making it the most popular.[16] However, these respondents expressed their dissatisfaction with the service citing Netflix’s movie line up as the biggest issue of concern. Respondents were displeased with the limited selection of movies especially the latest releases.[17] Economic In terms of economic factors, Netflix operates in an industry characterized by large entry costs, low prices and a very competitive environment. To maintain an edge in the market, firms have to price competitively against rivals.The industry is still at its infancy and many companies appear to be experimenting their business models. For example, YouTube recently reached an agreement with Lions Gate Entertainment which secured it rights to mainstream movies from the entertainment company.[18] Apple recently unveiled its plans to develop an upgraded Apple TV that allow consumers to stream video from TV Sets. Hulu recently begun a new subscription plan that allows customers to watch some TV shows that are not available for free at the cost of $10 per month.[19] With streaming becoming more competitive, Netflix will have to improvise in order to continue to thrive in the industry. Technological Technology is rapidly changing and for Netflix to continue to thrive, it must contend with the constantly evolving and competing technology. Even though Netflix gained its initial competitive advantage from its business model which capitalized on the weakness of the tradition brick and mortar businesses, it continues to face the challenge of adjusting to new technological pressures. You read "Can netflix recover from its strategic mistakes?" in category "Essay examples"[20] Already some of Netflix’s competitors are offering additional innovative services to its customers. For example, Amazon Prime provides users with services such as free two-day shipping and free kindle book in addition to instant video streaming. HBO has made its online content available for purchase without the need of cable subscription. Vudu is releasing many titles the same day they out on DVD compared to Netflix which releases them 28 days later.[21] Five forces framework Rivalry among firms There is no doubt that competition is becoming more intense in the industry. Netflix faces many rival competitors in the industry from Blockbuster to Hulu Plus, Amazon Prime, Vudu, Comcast, Google TV, Apple TV and many others (Indiviglio, 2010). The intense rivalry is due to the large consumer market in the movie rental industry. The rivalry is also increased by the different methods that consumers can obtain a movie from in-store rental to mail delivery to online streaming and video on demand. The switching costs remain relatively low which perhaps contribute to the fierce rivalry in the industry. A large number of the rival competitors have large levels of capital and greater economies of scale which makes competition in the industry very fierce. Threat of new entrants While Netflix faces intense rivalry from competitor firms, the threat of potential new entrants is relatively low due to the large entry costs in the market. Most of the existing firms have already established a well-known brand such as Hulu plus, Red box and Amazon instant video.[22] This makes it increasingly difficult for new players to thrive in the market. A potential new entrant would have to incur a lot costs in marketing and advertising to establish its brand and become competitive. Threat of substitution Similarly, the threat of substation is relatively low as many consumers prefer online streaming to physical DVD rentals. While there is no much of a threat to Netflix online streaming model, there is an existing threat from illegal pirating. Some websites provide customers with free access to most media content. However, most of these websites are illegal. Further, these websites are somewhat complicated and are not nearly intuitive as Netflix’s service.[23] While it remains government’s responsibility to enforce anti-pirating laws, it may be in Netflix’s best interest to lobby for tighter enforcements of these laws.[24] Bargaining power of consumers In terms of the bargaining power, consumers seem to have a higher ground. Consumers have a higher bargaining power since there are many options in the industry with little or no switching costs. Netflix currently charges its customers an affordable monthly fee of $7.99 but since customers are not locked into contracts, they can easily switch from one online streaming company to another with minimal or low switching costs.[25] High consumer bargaining power implies that the company must be very careful in implementing its strategies. This can be seen with the price changes that Netflix imposed on its subscribers in 2011. A new pricing plan announced by the company in mid-July 2011 which increased the subscription price by 60% sent the company’s stock price in a tailspin.[26] Bargaining power of suppliers Content remains a key input in Netflix’s business strategy. Since there are very few media content providers that offer high quality content, the bargaining power of suppliers remain relatively high. Suppliers can impose a price increase or offer low quality content and this could have an adverse impact on the company’s profitability.[27] Recognizing the relatively high supplier’s bargaining power, Netflix recently begun developing its own content, some of which have received acclaim in the industry such as the â€Å"House of cards† and â€Å"Hemlock Grove†.[28] However, despite these efforts, Netflix’s survival is largely dependent upon the variety of its content. Netflix still has to rely on its content providers to meet the needs of its large consumer base. II Internal analysis An analysis of the internal environment of Netflix is also important as it identifies the competencies that currently exist for the company to compete effectively. The VRIO framework and value chain model is going to be very useful in the analysis of the internal environment. Distinctive competencies: the VRIO framework Question of value: are the company’s resources and capabilities enabling it to capitalize on opportunities and neutralize external threats? In terms of distribution, Netflix has a sustainable advantage. It has several distribution channels from the physical distribution of titles through physical stores to distribution by mail.[29] However, this is a temporary advantage as blockbuster is posing a huge threat to the physical distribution of titles. Perhaps the biggest sustainable advantage lies with their online streaming capabilities. Being the first company with the capability to offer online video streaming service, it undoubtedly ranks at the top of video companies with the most widely streamed content. However, Apple is posing a huge threat having established presence in online streaming through iTunes.[30] Question of rarityAre there only a few numbers of firms with these capabilities? In some certain capabilities, Netflix have a sustainable advantage over competitor firms whereas in other capabilities, the company has only a temporary advantage. For example, in DVD rental and Blue Ray rental; Netflix only has a temporary advantage since many firms have the capabilities to produce these items.[31] However, with regard to online streaming, title variety, and convenience to consumers; Netflix has a sustainable advantage. This is because many other firms in the industry do not have the internal capabilities to innovate in these particular areas. Question of inimitability? The industry is characterized by large entry costs. Many firms lack the necessary resources and internal capabilities to offer similar content. It is quite expensive and extremely difficult to form agreements with content providers. Netflix has a temporary and sustainable advantage in this particular area having engineered the online streaming business model and formed agreements with several content providers including warner Bros and CBS among many others. Netflix’s possess key resources and capabilities that provide it with advantages that are not easy to imitate.[32] Question of organization? An important part of the internal analysis is examining how the policies and procedures are organized and whether this organization supports the company’s use of its valuable resources. Netflix has a functional centralized organizational structure in which the CEO has direct control over its six departments.[33] Netflix’s embraces a culture of freedom and innovation. Employees have the freedom to remain innovative and productive. This shows how the company’s organization policies are organized to support its valuable resources. Part III: Issues and challenges However, even with these resources and competencies, Netflix faces some challenges/impediments in its drive to remain competitive. One major challenge is its reliance on content providers. The company still has to depend on other content providers such as CBS and Time warner in order to continue to maintain the breadth and variety of their products. Such form of dependence can have dire consequences on the company especially where there are disagreements. For example, in mid July 2011, Netflix was forced to implement a new pricing plan that raised the monthly subscription by 60% after Starz, one of its content providers, demanded $300 million for renewal of its license with Netflix.[34] Initially, Netflix had been paying this premium movie channel $30 million annually. This was a huge step back and led to a steep decline in its stock price. Recently, Netflix was forced to remove some of its content after losing its contract with Viacom International, a leading provider of children sh ows.[35] While the huge subscriber base may give Netflix some sought of leverage in negotiating terms, much of its survival is still at the mercy of its content providers. Another challenge facing Netflix lies with the stiff competition in the movie industry. Even though the threat for potential new entrants is relatively low, there is an intense rivalry in the industry among key players such as Blockbuster, Hulu Plus, Amazon Prime, Vudu, Comcast, Google TV, and Apple TV.[36] With the battlefront shifting online, Netflix is going to be in direct competition with some of the well-financed and innovative companies such as Apple, Google and Amazon.[37] Netflix will have to be savvier than ever by negotiating better agreements for online streaming in order to take on these giant companies.[38] Part IV: Generation of strategic growth option Netflix’s overall situation is fairly attractive and somewhat sustainable. However, there are a number of Strategic Options that the company could pursue in its efforts to continue to grow and develop. The Ansoff matrix tool below will be used to describe these options. Ansoff matrix tool[39] Ansoff Matrix Market development International expansion is one of the strategic growth option. Netflix has already entered into regional license agreements to stream media content from 42 countries in Central America, South America and the Caribbean.[40] However, this international expansion need to be implemented very cautiously. While this has allowed Netflix to expand its subscriber base, the company is spending so much that it doesn’t actually profit from this international expansion. For example, in the last quarter of 2012, international losses hit $105 million despite the gain of 6 million new subscribers.[41] Product development The company could also benefit from developing its own original content and focusing on the online streaming business. Developing its own original content will reduce their dependence on content providers. There is also an imperative need to phase out the â€Å"DVD mailing option† from Netflix’s business model. The movie industry is quickly shifting online, yet Netflix continues to develop millions of DVDs which have high operating costs. Despite its huge revenue, Netflix’s margins are eaten up by its huge production costs.[42] With the movie industry shifting online, Netflix may lose out on major profits if they take too long to phase out the DVD mailing option. Market penetration In terms of market penetration, Netflix need to increase its domestic market. Growth in online streaming has resulted due to the increasing broadband penetration, growth in connected devices, faster download speed and the broader trends of media consumption.[43] A large part of the purchasing and usage of Netflix’s content come from existing customers in the US. However, there is still a larger market in the US that Netflix can benefit from. Netflix can leverage its first mover advantage to expand more rapidly in the US. Diversification Netflix is currently in competition with rivals in the market in two main product lines: dvd rentals and online streaming. With virtual rivals such as Amazon, Hulu and cable TV companies among many others, competition in online streaming is going to be intense. In the product line of DVD rental, competitors such as Blockbuster and Red-box pose a huge threat.[44] To maintain an edge in the market, Netflix need to diversify its product line to include video and computer games. Part V Evaluation of strategic growth options With these strategic options identified, it is important to evaluate each option in terms of suitability, accessibility and feasibility. SAF framework will be very useful in this evaluation. SAFe framework Suitability criteria Suitability criteria will evaluate whether these strategic options support Netflix’s mission and values, whether they are suitable for industry life cycle stage and whether they strengthen Netflix’s competitive position. Netflix’s mission statement is to grow the streaming subscription business both domestically and globally and to improve customer experience while staying within the parameter of their consolidated income and operating profit.[45] Strategy optionsSupports Netflix’s mission and valuesSuitable for industry life cycle stageStrengthens Netflix’s competitive position Expanding subscriber base internationally – market developmentyesYes – it is important to expand internationally currently in the industry.Yes. In the long term, this will consolidate their position in the industry Expanding rapidly in domestic market – market penetrationYesYes – market penetration is also important.Yes, in the long run. Focusing squarely on online streaming business and producing some its content – product developmentYesYes – the shifting market environment makes this strategy very effective.Yes – the industry is moving online and this strategy will significantly improve Netflix’s competitive position Diversifying product line to include video and computer games.yesYes – suitable for industry life cycle stageYes – this strategy will distinguish Netflix from competitors Accessibility criteria The accessibility criteria is assessed based on customer reactions, risks of losses and returns on investments. Strategy optionsReaction of customersRisk of lossesReturns on investments Expanding subscriber base internationally – market developmentNo effect on customer reactionHigh – margins from international segment so far remain very low compared to domestic levels. Already the company has incurred huge losses from this expansion.Low – Broadband infrastructure is very poor in many international countries and pricing strategy may be seen as high in developing economies. Expanding rapidly in domestic market – market penetrationNo discernible effectLow – margins from domestic segments are very highHigh – the current low pricing policy is very attractive for new customers and entertainment consumption remains high Focusing squarely on online streaming business and producing some its content – product developmentPositive impact – provides customers with the convenience they need.Low – the industry is shifting online and customer subscription for online streaming is increasing.Very high – market shifting online and broadband infrastructure allows for streaming of high quality hence improving customer experience. Producing its content will reduce its dependence on content providers. Diversifying product line to include video and computer games.Positive – it will enhance customer experienceRelatively low due to lack of differentiation between competitorsHigh – the added feature will increase customer experience among consumers who like video games. Feasibility criteria Feasibility criteria involves examining whether Netflix has the internal capabilities and resources to support implementation of these strategic options Strategy optionsDo existing technological assets support this strategy?Does Netflix have enough financial resources to support implementation of this strategy?Is there enough information available for implementation of this strategy? Expanding subscriber base internationally – market developmentTechnically, Netflix’s content delivery network is able to support this strategy.Netflix still has enough financial resources to expand internationally, however, huge losses have been incurred in implementation of this strategyYes, there is enough information to implement this strategy, however, the losses incurred so far raises the question of whether it is a feasible option? Expanding rapidly in domestic market – market penetrationYes, Netflix’s content delivery network is able to support this strategyYes, the company still has enough funds for market penetration.Yes, Netflix has enough information to ensure success of this strategy. Focusing squarely on online streaming business and producing some its content – product developmentYes, Netflix has exceptional tools with intelligent analysis that enable it to detect faults in systems, improve on customer experience and handle increasing data traffic.There are enough financial resources to implement this strategy.Yes, Netflix has enough information. For example, when it created its original TV series â€Å"House of Cards†, Netflix knew that it would be a hit based on examining consumers viewing habits. Diversifying product line to include video and computer games.No, Netflix may not have the technical capabilities to produce computer games.However, there are enough financial resources to implement this strategy.Also, there might not be enough information to implement this strategy. Netflix may not have enough history data to base on since most consumers subscribed to watch movies and not play computer games. PART VI Description of Selected Strategy Netflix need to focus squarely on the streaming business and phase out the DVD mailing option from its product portfolio. It should be noted that movie industry is quickly moving online and the DVD business is bound to declines. This can be seen with the decline in Netflix’s domestic subscribers. Declining number of DVD subscribers while domestic streaming subscribers increase.[46] This is also very much consistent with Netflix’s generic business strategy of differentiation, cost leadership and providing customers with convenience. While the DVD business has in the past been very profitable compared to the online streaming business; there is a slow but inevitable decline in the DVD business as the industry moves towards online streaming.[47] The huge costs associated with production of physical discs, packaging costs and the high costs of running the DVD distribution centers will adversely affect the DVD business. Netflix contributing profit, DVD vs domestic streaming.[48] Focusing exclusively on online streaming will without doubt enhance these generic strategies by differentiating Netflix from brick and mortar stores such as Blockbuster and Redbox, and providing customers with the convenience that they need. Netflix has the internal capabilities and resources to carry out this strategy successful. For the company to successfully carry out this strategy, it has to be vigilant in supporting millions of connected devices used by consumers in online streaming.[49] From the operational perspective, Netflix has large, complex and highly distributed systems environments. The company has exceptional tools with intelligent analysis that enable it to detect faults in systems and improve on customer experience and handle increasing data traffic.[50] Also, Netflix need to pay more attention on creating its own original content. This will decrease its dependence on content providers. Netflix is guaranteed success in content creation since they have enough information about the content that customers are desperately in need of. This can be seen with its original TV series the â€Å"House of cards† and â€Å"Hemlock Grove†, both of which have received acclaim in the industry.[51] Netflix is able to determine if a particular TV series or movie is going to be a hit based on consumers viewing habits. This provides them with a huge advantage in content creation. However, this does not mean that Netflix should abandon its providers as its survival is largely dependent upon the variety of its content. Netflix still has to rely on its content providers to meet the needs of its large consumer base. Conclusion In conclusion, while Netflix is the most prominent provider of online streaming with operations in the US, Canada and in 42 countries in Latin America and Caribbean, it faces a number of political, economic, social and technological factors in the industry. From legal battles emerging form trademark, copyright and patent issues to social and economic factors such as the inability to feature the latest releases and stiff competition in the industry. The main issues and challenges that Netflix faces are the high bargaining power of suppliers and stiff competition from well-financed and innovative companies such as Apple, Google and Amazon. However, the company could pursue various strategic growth options to further consolidate its position in the industry such international expansion, domestic market penetration, product development and diversification. Based on the SAF framework, Netflix is better positioned to focus exclusively on online streaming business and developing its own ori ginal content. This will provide the company with the sustainable advantage that it needs in terms of reducing the suppliers bargaining power, consolidating its competitive position in the industry and increasing customer experience. Netflix’s overall situation is fairly attractive and somewhat sustainable. It remains the single largest source of internet traffic in the US, consuming 29.7% of peak downstream traffic. However, given the inevitable decline of the DVD business, the company should consider focusing their business model on online streaming and creation of original content. With the growing capabilities of broadband communication, which allow for faster downloads and streaming of content, the industry is quickly moving online. This does not mean abandoning its content providers. It should be remembered that Netflix’s survival is dependent on the variety of its content. Netflix should be savvier than ever by negotiating better agreements for online streaming, increasing the selection of titles and making it possible to stream more content including the latest releases. Reference Adhikari, V.K., Guo, Y., Hao, F., Varvello, M., Hilt, V., Steiner, M. and Zhang, Z., Unreeling Netflix: understanding and improving multi-CDN movie delivery. University of Minnesota. 2012. Carrol, H., Menenberg, A. and Kwok, I., Strategic report for Netflix, Inc. OASIS Consulting, 2009. Culp, C., Friedman, M., Lincoln, G., Reeve, Q and Matt, A., Netflix: past, present and future innovation. Entrepreneurship and Innovation Strategy, Available from http://faculty.tuck.dartmouth.edu/images/uploads/faculty/ron-adner/11EIS_Main_Project_-_Netflix_Paper.pdf, 2012. [Viewed on 12th December 2014] Datastax, Netflix gives users exactly what they want – every time. California, Datastax. 2014. Davis, R., Netflix, Amazon sued over web media patent. Law 360. New York Times. Available from http://www.law360.com/articles/81037/netflix-amazon-sued-over-web-media-patent, 2008. [Viewed on 13th December 2014] Doughty, M., Strategic management and organizational culture: how Netflix survived disaster. Lethbridge College, 2013. Erickson, M.C., Stallman, E., Kalt, D.J., and Guhr, A.W., Petition to deny of Netflix, Inc. Washington DC. Available from http://apps.fcc.gov/ecfs/document/view?id=7521819696, 2014. [Viewed on 22nd December 2014] Favaro, K., Strategy and Business: Netflix wasn’t all wrong. Available from http://www.strategy-business.com/article/cs00003?pg=all, 2012. [Viewed on 12th December 2014] Gaines, A., Accounting: Netflix, Inc.: a financial analysis. Available from https://www.lagrange.edu/resources/pdf/citations/2009/03Accounting_Gaines.pdf, 2009. [Viewed on 12th December 2014] Haberfellner, R., General management and organization lecture notes, Institute for General Management and Organization, Graz University of Technology, 2009. Hitt, M., Ireland, D., Hoskisson, R., Strategic management: competitiveness and globalization, cases. Cengage Learning, 2008. Vol. 2 Indiviglio, D., 3 big challenges facing Netflix. The Atlantic. Available from http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2010/09/3-big-challenges-facing-netflix/63637/ 2010, [Viewed on 19th December 2014] Kopytoff, V.G., Shifting online, Netflix faces new competition. The New York Times. Available from http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/27/technology/27netflix.html?_r=0 2010, [Viewed on 12th December 2014] Krengel, A., Dudek, A., Momboisse, R., Paik, T. and Martin, T., Netflix: a company analysis. Santa Clara University. Available from http://mgmtclarity.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/capstone_final_report.pdf 2010, [Viewed on 12th December 2014] Lew, J., Bowers, T.P. and Weiss, J., Netflix, Inc. Client report. Available from http://economics-files.pomona.edu/jlikens/SeniorSeminars/Likens2014/reports/netflix.pdf, 2014, [Viewed on 16th December 2014] Lieberman. D, Netflix Says it WillLet ViacomDeal Expire, Available from http://www.deadline.com/2013/04/netflix-viacom-networks-dealexpire/ 2013, [Viewed on 20th December 2014] Mavinkurve, R., Becker, J. and Christensen, B., Improving Netflix’s operational visibility with real-time insight tools. The Netflix Tech Blog. http://techblog.netflix.com/2014/01/improving-netflixs-operational.html 2014, [Viewed on 23rd December 2014] Mick, J., Netflix accuses Comcast of ripping off customers, files to block merger. Daily Tech. Available from http://www.dailytech.com/Netflix+Accuses+Comcast+of+Ripping+Off+Customers+Files+to+Block+Merger/article36453.htm 2014, [Viewed on 12th December 2014] Mourdoukoutas, P., Can Netflix correct its strategic mistakesForbes. Available from http://www.forbes.com/sites/panosmourdoukoutas/2011/10/10/can-netflix-correct-its-strategic-mistakes/ 2011, [Viewed on 12th December 2014] Netflix, Netflix company profile. 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The Catcher In The Rye Holden Essay free essay sample

The Catcher In The Rye: Holden Essay, Research Paper The Catcher In The Rye: Holden Preface This book has been steeped in contention since it was banned in America after it # 8217 ; s first publication. John Lennon # 8217 ; s bravo, Mark Chapman, asked the former beatle to subscribe a transcript of the book earlier in the forenoon of the twenty-four hours that he murdered Lennon. Police found the book in his ownership upon groking the psychologically disturbed Chapman. However, the book itself contains nil that could be attributed with taking Chapman to move as he did # 8211 ; it could hold been any book that he was reading the twenty-four hours he decided to kill John Lennon # 8211 ; and as a consequence of the fact that it was # 8216 ; The Catcher In The Rye # 8217 ; , a book describing nervous dislocation, media speculated widely about the possible connexion. This gave the book even more ill fame. So what is # 8216 ; The Catcher In The Rye # 8217 ; really about? Superficially the narrative of a immature adult male # 8217 ; s ejection from yet another school, # 8216 ; The Catcher In The Rye # 8217 ; is in fact a perceptive survey of one person # 8217 ; s apprehension of his human status. Holden Caulfield, a adolescent turning up in 1950s New York, has been expelled school for hapless accomplishment one time once more. In an effort to cover with this he leaves school a few yearss prior to the terminal of term, and goes to New York to # 8216 ; take a holiday # 8217 ; before returning to his parents # 8217 ; inevitable wrath. Told as a soliloquy, the book describes Holden # 8217 ; s ideas and activities over these few yearss, during which he describes a developing nervous dislocation, symptomised by his turns of unexplained depression, unprompted disbursement and by and large uneven, fickle behavior, prior to his eventual nervous prostration. However, during his psychological conflict, life continues on about Holden as it ever had, with the bulk of people disregarding the # 8216 ; madman stuff # 8217 ; that is go oning to him # 8211 ; until it begins to infringe on their well defined societal codifications. Increasingly through the novel we are challenged to believe about society # 8217 ; s attitude to the human status # 8211 ; does society hold an # 8216 ; ostrich in the sand # 8217 ; outlook, a calculated ignorance of the emptiness that can qualify human being? And if so, when Caulfield begins to examine and look into his ain sense of emptiness and isolation, before eventually declaring that the universe is full of # 8216 ; hypocrites # 8217 ; with each one put out for their ain hypocrite addition, is Holden really the 1 who is traveling insane, or is it society which has lost it # 8217 ; s mind for neglecting to see the hopelessness of their ain lives? Holden # 8217 ; s Personality There are 3 chief facets in Holden # 8217 ; s personality: 1. His unfavorable judgment toward the # 8216 ; phony # 8217 ; things in society. 2. His perceptual experience that Torahs ( Rules ) are # 8216 ; kid # 8217 ; s play # 8217 ; for the strong and a hard battle for the weak. 3. Respect for fellowman. The unfavorable judgment toward # 8216 ; phony # 8217 ; things in society is expressed in the novel chiefly by the word # 8216 ; phony # 8217 ; . Holden is a representative of the universe of childhood whose features are the opposite values to those Holden calls # 8216 ; phony # 8217 ; . One of the things Holden frequently calls # 8216 ; phony # 8217 ; is the universe of films and everything about it. Examples of it are his choler toward his brother D.B. because he moved to Hollywood, antipathy of Sunny the cocotte who tells him she spends most of her clip in movie theatres and derision to the three adult females he met at the saloon who are merely interested in films and celebrated histrions. Another thing Holden calls # 8216 ; phony # 8217 ; is the theatre. He finds the theatre # 8216 ; phony # 8217 ; because he thinks that alternatively of showing world as it is, the accent is put on smoothing staginess. He says he has neer seen so much # 8216 ; phony # 8217 ; things like he saw in the theatre. Out of these illustrations and others we see that for Holden it is really of import to be # 8216 ; existent # 8217 ; , honest and non # 8216 ; phony # 8217 ; , therefore the unfavorable judgment toward the # 8216 ; phony # 8217 ; things in society is the most important facet of his personality Another of import facet in Holden # 8217 ; s personality is that regulations to him were meant to function the strong, whereas he belongs to the weak, therefore he ignores them wholly. His attitude toward regulations can be demonstrated by these illustrations: Ring Lardner # 8217 ; s Tells Holden a narrative in which a married police officer fell in love with a miss who drove faster than the velocity bound and finally was killed because of it. In this narrative Torahs ( Rules ) are mentioned twice: 1. The police officer fell in love with a miss while he was married and this means interrupting societal Torahs. 2. The girl drove excessively fast and this means interrupting traffic Torahs. The result of this narrative is failure and decease. From here we can larn of Holden # 8217 ; s personality because he likes this narrative really much and he thinks that these felonies don # 8217 ; t necessitate penalty. Another illustration is Holden # 8217 ; s talk with Mr. Spencer who tells him: # 8220 ; Life is a game male child. Life is a game that one plays harmonizing to the regulations # 8230 ; If you get on the side where all the hot-shots are, so it # 8217 ; s a game # 8230 ; But if you get on the other side, where there aren # 8217 ; t any hot-shots, so what # 8217 ; s a game about it? # 8221 ; . Holden agrees with Mr. Spencer. Actually, Holden has an ambivalent position of regulations which is expressed in Holden # 8217 ; s words: # 8220 ; I # 8217 ; m ever puting myself regulations about sex and I instantly interrupt them # 8221 ; . Holden refers regulations to the universe of the strong but he himself can non avoid scene regulations for himself, yet he neer keeps them. So this is another contradiction in Holden # 8217 ; s personality. Another facet of Holden # 8217 ; s personality is the fact that Holden can # 8217 ; t base people who don # 8217 ; t esteem fellowmen and wear # 8217 ; t listen to what they say. Holden thinks that it is really of import to listen to people and esteem their privateness. Examples of this can be found in many parts of the narrative such as: 1. Holden # 8217 ; s willingness to halt in the center of the sexual act because of a miss # 8217 ; s bespeak when others wouldn # 8217 ; T. 2. Holden # 8217 ; s esteem to the nuns. 3. Holden # 8217 ; s esteem to Jane: the willingness non to snog her and soothing her when she cried. In visible radiation of these illustrations and others we can reason that fellowman is really of import to Holden. However, when people criticize him, he doesn # 8217 ; t esteem them at all. This can clearly be seen in Holden # 8217 ; s attitude toward Pheobe and Antolini. Holden # 8217 ; s attitude toward: 1. Teachers. 2. Friends. 3. Family. 4. Life. 1.Holden # 8217 ; s attitude toward instructors is ambivalent: on the one manus he is instinctively against them because they are representatives of the Torahs he interruptions. On the other manus he respects instructors like Antolini and Spencer. 2.Holdne # 8217 ; s friends are presented as negative and selfish characters such as Stradlater and Ackley. Although Stradlater and Ackley are socially opposite, ( Stradlater on the top and Ackley in the underside ) they are both unfit for Holden and under the camouflage of the fine-looking successful jock or the ugly rejected sloth, they are the same # 8211 ; selfish, ache other people and obey Torahs. 3. Holden has an exceeding attitude toward his parents. On the one manus he wants to delight them and on the other manus he doesn # 8217 ; t do anything to carry through that so he disappoints them. To his brother D.B, Holden has some regard accompanied with letdown of him going commercialized all his life as a author in Hollywood, of his girlfriend and of his auto. To his sister Pheobe, nevertheless, Holden has a particular sentiment because she represents childhood, pureness, artlessness and apprehension to Holden. Despite all this, Pheobe likes films, participates in school dramas and criticizes Holden. Allegedly, Holden should hold hated her but he chooses to disregard these # 8216 ; disadvantages # 8217 ; . 4.Holden # 8217 ; s attitude toward life consequences from his attitude toward himself. His low self-esteem causes him to seek to run off from life and from world. When life is presented to him as a game with regulations, he breaks the regulations and foliages the game. In Conclusion We see Holden as a changeless character. As a individual who refuses to accept world and attempts every bit much as he can to hold on childhood. He wants to go frequenter of the kids in order to protect their pureness and artlessness. And as a concluding comment I would wish to state that when we are honorable we can see within ourselves suppressed elements of the forces runing within Holden Caulfield, and because of that I would urge this idea arousing novel as a fascinating and edifying description of our human status. However, beware # 8230 ; for that really ground it is non comfy reading.